Hypokalemia and Hyperkalemia
Hypokalemia
Hyperkalemia
Causes
Causes
Diuretics
Gastrointestinal Losses such as diarrhea
and laxatives
Conn syndrome: excess mineralcorticoids by
adrenal gland
Cellular shifts due to alkalosis, insulin excess
and acute glucose load
Addison’s Disease
Lack of mineralocorticoids
Hemolysis
Acidosis
Renal failure
Symptoms
Muscle weakness and cramps
Constipation
Ectopic beats
or premature ventricular contractions
Interventions
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Symptoms
Diarrhea
Bradycardia leading to cardiac arrest
Irritability
Muscle weakness
Interventions
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