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What is the functional unit of the kidneys?
All of the following substances are produced by the kidney EXCEPT:
In hemodialysis, blood and dialysate have which of the following properties?
Which of the following are symptoms of Uremia? Select all that apply
What is the most common cause of chronic kidney disease in the United States?
A sodium restriction in the renal diet will help to prevent which of the following symptoms? Select all that apply.
A potassium restriction in the renal diet will help to prevent which of the following symptoms: Select 2 choices
Excessive elevation of _________________is a medical emergency because it may cause sudden death:
What is the acceptable blood level of potassium in End-Stage Renal Disease
Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis, or CAPD, is another form of dialysis. In what ways are CAPD and hemodialysis similar? Select all that apply.
Which of the following are symptoms of hyperkalemia?
Which of the following statements about kidney transplants is NOT true?
Why do patients with kidney disease have bone disease?
What is an acceptable level of blood phosphorus in End-Stage Renal Disease?
Which of the following is true of AAMI, the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation?
Which of the following descriptions best describes AAMI (Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation)?
What is the composition of dialysate?Â
Which of the following factors affects dialyzer clearance? Select all that apply
The intravenous fluid used to prime the dialyzer and rinse back the patient’s blood at the end of the treatment is:
Water moves from one body compartment to another by:
Which of the following statements about fluid removal from the blood is correct?
The leading cause of chronic kidney disease for adults in the United Disease:
A nephron is made up of:Â
Which of the following are symptoms of uremia?
A patient has a dry weight of 60 and comes in today with a weight of 62. The patient gets an antibiotic in 100ml of fluid. The priming saline amount is 300 and the rinse back is 200 ml. What is the total fluid that needs to be removed to reach the dry weight?
If we are removing 2600 ml in a 3 hour treatment. What is the UF rate per hour?
Which of the following is a cause of hypotension during and after dialysis treatments?
Which of the following is a sign or symptom of fluid overload?
Abnormal levels of this electrolyte can cause cardiac arrhythmias and even death.
Water moves across a membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concetrated by:
Waste products are removed during dialysis by which principle
Excess fluid is forced out of the blood and into the dialysate during dialysis by which principle
The movement of fluid from the tissues toward a higher concentration of sodium in the blood is an example of:
Decreasing the patient’s prescribed blood flow rate affects the rate of:
Which of the following actions would increase diffusion during dialysis?
Which of the following diffuses from the patient’s blood during dialysis?
Ultrafiltration is influenced by
The most common complication of peritoneal dialysis is?
The dextrose used in the dialysate for peritoneal dialysis can cause:
What is an endotoxin?
If a patient develops an infection post transplant, the largest contributing factor would likely be:
The most frequent cause of death in the first year post- transplant is:
Total cell volume TCV is an indirect measure of the:
The TCV should be no less than:
The minimum dwell time to achieve sterilization with the chemical Renalin is:
The reprocessed dialyzer is carefully rinsed prior to patient use to remove:
Cerebral Edema can be caused by the too rapid removal of BUN in the blood. This reaction is known as:
Bacterial/Endotoxin exposure from water may cause which of the following symptoms?
Which of the following is NOT a cause of first use syndrome?
If a patient has an air embolism, the patient should be put in:
What is Dry Weight?
Which of the following methods kills a significant number of bacteria, but will not necessarily destroy all of them completely?
The blood pump is at 350 ml/min and you notice that the bloodlines appear to be “jumping”. You should:
Which of the following is the first symptom that a patient is developing dialysis disequilibrium syndrome is most compartment, it is termed:
When a dialyzer membrane tears and allows blood to escape from the blood compartment into the dialyzing fluid compartment, it is termed:
If there is a decreased in the patient’s URR or Kt/V, which of the following factors should be looked at? Select all that apply
During hemodialysis, muscle cramping is primarily caused by the shifting concentration of which ion?
Seizures during dialysis may be caused by all of the following except:
The breakdown of red blood cells with a concurrent loss or liberation of hemoglobin and large amount of potassium is known as:
End-products of bacterial breakdown are called:
What is an endotoxin?
The normal range of resting respirations in an adult is:
A rapid of 104 beats/min would indicate that the patient has:
Which of the following vital signs is abnormal before dialysis in a 30-year-old male patient?
What is an advantage of high-flux diayzers over conventional dialyzers?
What is the most important monitor to ensure safety during a dialysis treatment?
An advantage of catheter and port catheter devices is?
Conductivity is best defined as:
Vascular access allows repeated exposure to patient’s bloodstream. Which of the following is not true about an ideal vascular access?
What does the delivery system do when conductivity or temperature alarm goes off?
Drip chambers in the extracorporeal circulation do all of the following EXCEPT:
Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE about recirculation?
Which of the following is NOT the cause of anemia in the dialysis patients?
An advantage of using high flux dialyzer is:
Care of new arteriovenous fistula should include all of the following EXCEPT:
Which of the following is likely to cause a low conductivity alarm?
Which of the following is likely to cause a high conductivity alarm? Select two answers.
Patients with kidney disease often complain of itching, what is a common cause of itching?
Poor blood flow during dialysis in patients with catheters is often due to which of the following factors EXCEPT:
A patient has a catheter and has pain at the exit site. You suspect an infection. You do all of the following except:
During dialysis, the technician should monitor for which of the following complications? Select all that apply.
Infection is a big problem in hemodialysis. Which of the following is not true of infections?
Which statement is true about catheters?
What are the advantages of an AV fistula? Select all that apply
An infiltration refers to:
During needle insertion, it is important for the hemodialysis technician to always:
Which of the following statements about grafts is true?
Stenosis is a cause of access failure. Which of the following is not a sign of stenosis?
In a water treatment system, feed water is adjusted to a temperature of:
What are the functions of the dialyzer? Select all that apply
A patient with diabetes and hypertension needs an access for dialysis. Which is the preferable access?
To avoid environmental contamination, all of the following must be done. Select all that apply.
Which of the following statements about reverse osmosis is correct?
According to AAMI standards, the total microbial count of water used to prepare dialysate:
According to AAMI standards, Bacteriologic testing for water and dialysate should be tested at least:
Choose three monitoring areas in a water purification system:
Which of the following is not added to municipal water?
Bacterial/Endotoxin exposure from water may cause which of the following symptoms?
Chloramine exposure in hemodialysis may cause:
Which of the following are contaminants of water? Select all that apply.
In what ways can patient monitoring help assess water quality? Select all that apply.
How does water become contaminated? Select all that apply.
Which of the following is not a symptom of a pyrogenic reaction?
Water softeners remove calcium and magnesium by:
What are some of the criteria for rejecting a reprocessed dialyzer? select all that apply
Which of the following is not a symptom of incomplete rinsing of the germicide from the dialyzer?
In which of the following ways can dialyzer performance be changed by reprocessing?
What is the best way to reduce endotoxin/bacterial contamination of reprocessed dialyzers?
Which of the following is NOT a cause of first use syndrome?
At the end of the treatment, which of the following actions should be done first if the dialyzer is to be reused?
All of the following are symptoms of fluid overload except:
The breakdown of red blood cells with a concurrent loss or liberation of hemoglobin and large amount of potassium is known as :
End-products of bacterial breakdown are called?
Cerebral edema can be caused by the too rapid removal of BUN from blood. This is called:
Which of the following components is used to correct metabolic acidosis
Which of the following causes a low venous pressure alarm?
Which of the following must be verified by external measuring device?
Which of the following causes a high venous pressure alarm?
What should you do first if the venous line infiltrates?
A hemodialysis patient suddenly develops trouble breathing, hives, itching, and hypotension. The most likely cause is:
Which of the following are causes of hemolysis? Selet all that apply
Which of the following is the first symptom of dialysis disequilibrium syndrome?
To determine the patency of a fistula, the technician should feel for the _______________
The venous pressure is rising and you see swelling distal to the venous needle. What is happening?
Select the signs and symptoms of an infected access:
When inserting needles you should do all of the following except:
Which of the following are high potassium foods?
What is an advantage of a graft?
During HD, air detector alarm goes off and there is foam visible in the venous drip chamber, what immediate action should be taken?
Why should you never cannulate an aneurysm?
You are getting ready to insert a needle and you touch the chair with it. What should you do?