Appendicitis

Patho

Appendix becomes inflamed or infected. 

Diagnosis

CT scan. CBC with Diff will show infection.

 

Treatment

Surgical removal of the appendix

Complications

Perforation may occur and lead to peritonitis and septic shock.

Signs and Symptoms

Mcburney's Sign

Pain near the umbilicus that moves to the lower right abdomen (RLQ pain) 

Rovsing's Sign

RLQ pain when palpation of left side of abdomen

Rebound Tenderness

Rebound tenderness and rigidity in the lower right abdomen.

Fever and Nausea

Nausea, vomiting, anorexia, low-grade fever & chills

Nursing Interventions

NPO

Surgery

IV Pain Meds

No PO Meds

IV Hydration

And IV Antiobiotics

Changes in Pain

Pain that goes away = rupture

Nursing Interventions

Position for Comfort

Side-lying or low semi-fowlers with legs drawn towards the chest

Monitor for Rupture

Pain that suddenly goes away without intervention

Avoid

Avoid laxatives and enemas

Avoid

Heat/Heating pad for pain management. It can lead to rupture.

Let's talk about it again!

  • RLQ pain: Mcburney’s Point w/ rebound tenderness.
  • Rovsing’s sign: RLQ elicited by palpation the the left lower quadrant.
  • Constant, steady pain. Pay attention: constant and steady pain. NOT comes and goes. Begins in epigastrium or periumbilical area and moves to RLQ. Steady and constant.
  • Low grade fever, n/v, and elevated WBCs
  • If ruptures: peritonitis, fever, chills, tachycardia, tachypnea, restlessness, pallor, progressive abdominal distention and guarding.
  • Position to relieve pain: On back with legs drawn up towards the abdomen. 
  • Avoid applying heat because it can rupture appendix. If appendix ruptures, the client will have a penrose drain after surgery. 
  • WARNING: If pain suddenly goes away: Appendix has RUPTURED! 
  • NO ENEMAS, KEEP NPO, NO PO MEDS, GIVE IV FLUIDS/MEDS, NO WARM COMPRESSES, MEASURE ABDOMINAL GIRTH.
  • Treatment: Appendectomy
  • Best position for a client with an appendectomy is right side-lying or semi-fowlers.

Test your Understanding

A 12-year-old female presents with sudden onset of severe abdominal pain. The pain started in the periumbilical region and migrated to the right lower quadrant over the last 12 hours. She reports nausea, vomiting, anorexia, and has not had a bowel movement for 48 hours. Physical examination reveals rebound tenderness, guarding, and positive Rovsing’s sign. Her vital signs are within normal limits.

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