Bronchiolitis

What is it?

  • Viral inflammation of the small airways (bronchioles) 
  • Leads to narrowing and obstruction
  • Commonly caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). But also H. influenzae, adenovirus and parainfluenza.
  • Risk factors: prematurity, congenital heart disease, immunodeficiency, and exposure to second-hand smoke
  • Main problem in infants: Mucus plugs airways and infants cannot clear their airways
Sneezing, Runny Nose, & Mucus
Poor feeding & fatigue
Coughing and Shortness of breath
Wheezing & Crackles
Tachycardia, Tachypnea, & Irritability
LOW-GRADE fever

Treatment

  • Oxygen therapy such as High flow nasal cannula or Oxygen mist tent.
  • Hydration
  • Respiratory support
  • Antiviral medication: Inhaled Ribavirin 
  • Ribavirin causes congenital anomalies (no pregnant nurses)
  • RSV vaccine for high risk infants- Palivizumab (Synagis)
Priority: Place in cool oxygen mist tent or high-flow nasal cannula
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