Cholecystitis
What is it?
Cholecystitis is the inflammation of the gallbladder, a small organ located beneath the liver. The gallbladder plays a crucial role in the digestive process by storing bile produced by the liver. Bile is released into the small intestine to aid in the digestion and absorption of fats. Cholecystitis typically occurs when there is a blockage in the cystic duct, which prevents the flow of bile out of the gallbladder.
Risk Factors
- Female gender.
- Obesity.
- Older age.
- Rapid weight loss or yo-yo dieting.
- Pregnancy.
Symptoms
- Severe abdominal pain, usually in the upper right quadrant or epigastric region.
- Pain may radiate to the right shoulder or back.
- Nausea and vomiting.
- Fever and chills.
- Tenderness over the gallbladder (Murphy’s sign).
Diagnosis
- Physical examination and assessment of symptoms.
- Blood tests to check for signs of infection or liver function abnormalities.
- Imaging studies, such as ultrasound or CT scans, to visualize the gallbladder and detect gallstones.
Treatment
- Pain management: Analgesics are often prescribed to alleviate pain.
- Antibiotics: If there is evidence of infection.
- Fasting: To rest the gallbladder and reduce inflammation.
- Cholecystectomy: In cases of recurrent or severe cholecystitis, surgical removal of the gallbladder may be recommended.
Complications
- Gangrenous cholecystitis: Untreated inflammation can lead to tissue death in the gallbladder wall.
- Perforation: Rupture of the gallbladder can lead to peritonitis, a serious abdominal infection.
- Abscess formation: Pockets of pus may develop in severe cases.
Prevention
- Maintaining a healthy weight.
- Gradual and sustainable weight loss strategies.
- Avoiding rapid weight loss diets.
- Adequate hydration.