Croup

What is it?

  • Laryngotracheobronchitis or laryngotracheitis
  • Croup is a viral respiratory condition that affects infants and young children, ages of 6 months to 3 years.
  • Causes inflammation of the larynx and trachea
  • Parainfluenza virus (most common cause)
  • Respiratory syncytial virus
  • Adenovirus
  • Influenza virus
  • Human metapneumovirus
  • Coronavirus

Cough

Described as Seal-like, brassy or barking cough

Hoarse Voice

Due to swollen larynx and trachea; laryngitis

Inspiratory Stridor

High-pitched sound when breathing in  due to obstruction

Running Nose

Runny nose (rhinorrhea) or stuffy nose and fever.

Treatment

  • Droplet precautions
  • Oxygen therapy; Humidified cool mist oxygen
  • Elevate HOB
  • Tracheostomy/Intubation tray at the bedside
  • Monitor respiratory status
  • Corticosteroids
  • Nebulized Epinephrine
  • Antipyretics (Acetaminophen)
  • Intubation if respiratory failure
  • Rest and hydration
  • Provide cool fluids such as fruit juices, soft drinks, and gelatin.

Other Symptoms

  • Irritability and restlessness
  • Anorexia, nausea, and vomiting
  • Respiratory distress, cyanosis, use of accessory muscles, and respiratory failure (major complication).
Watch for cyanosis and respiratory failure
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