Diets

1. High Protein
2. High Calorie
3. Think: Cancer clients are wasting  away, they need to eat more and more!

1. Increase Fluids (Patient has thick secretions. Hydrations will help thin secretions)

1. Gluten-Free
2. No BROW: Barley, rye, oat, and wheat

1. Mechanical Soft (may have swallowing problems)
2. Tube Feedings (may not be able to swallow and may aspirate)

The client is swollen.  The kidneys are wasting protein.  The kidneys are failing and retaining potassium.

1. Sodium Restriction to minimize fluid retention.
2. High Calorie to maintain normal albumin levels and minimize edema.
3. High Protein to replace protein wasted.
4. Potassium-Restriction to prevent hyperkalemia

1. High protein
2. High calories
3. Vitamin C for healing

1. High-fiber
2. Fluids

1. Stable Cirrhosis- Normal Protein
2. Cirrhosis with hepatic insufficieny and high ammonia level- restrict protein, fluids, and sodium
3. Hepatic encephalopathy: Restrict protein because it turns into ammonia

1. Increase sodium
2. Low potassium

1. Increase fluids
2. Calcium- Controlled
3. Low-Oxalate
4. High Oxalate foods that must be avoided: Spinach, Soy Products, Almonds, Potatoes, Navy Beans, Raspberries, and Dates.

1. Increase Fluids
2. Hydration very important 

1. Liquid diet
2. Low fiber
3. Fluid and electrolyte replacement
4. Makes sense: high fiber for constipation and low fiber for diarrhea!

1. Low Fat
2. Low Cholesterol
3. Calorie-restricted

1. Calorie-restricted
2. High-Fiber

1. Bland Diet
2. A bland diet includes foods that are soft, not very spicy, and low in fiber. If you are on a bland diet, you should not eat spicy, fried, or raw foods. You should not drink alcohol or drinks with caffeine in them.

1. Increase B12 (Cobalamin)- Shellfish, beef liver, and fish.

1. High Calorie
2. High Protein

1. Fluid and electrolyte replacement

• Clients on Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (antidepressants) should avoid foods with tyramine.
• Aged-cheeses, pickled, fermented foods, tofu, miso, soy sauce, wine, pepperoni, citrus fruits like orange, grapefruit, lemon, lime, and tangerine.
•  The interaction causes Increased blood pressure, increased heart rate, severe headaches, hot feeling,  redness of the skin, sweating, chills, clamminess, migraine headaches, lightheadedness and hives.
• Here is a list of MAOIs:
• Isocarboxazid (Marplan)
• Phenelzine (Nardil)
• Selegiline (Emsam)
• Tranylcypromine (Parnate)

• If the client is on calcium channel blockers (nifedipine) or Statins (atorvastatin), the client should avoid grapefuit.  It causes the drug to accumulate.

• Avoid kale, broccoli and other foods high in vitamin K (green stuff) since it will decrease its effectiveness.  Vitamin K is the antidote to Warfarin (Coumadin).

• Avoid Alcohol. It causes severe vomiting. The client must wait at least 48 hours between alcohol and metronidazole.

• low fat, low cholesterol, low sodium; high in fruits, veggies, whole-grains

• Avoid purines with gout
• Foods with purines are protein/meat, some fish, beer/wine, sweet breads
• Purine can increase uric acid level and make gout worse

• Fluids are thickened with a substance for those with difficulty swallowing
• Common for those with stroke/CVA

• Low in fluids and low potassium
• Kidneys can’t get rid of electrolytes and fluid.

• With malabsorption diseases like pancreatitis, gall bladder disease, and GERD fat should be restricted
• Fat causes release of enzymes/bile that exacerbates these diseases

• Low Sodium
• Moderate Protein

• Increase Fluids

• Fluid Restriction
• Low sodium

• Low Sodium

• Avoid foods that cause gas and odor like the ones in the image.

• Clear liquid diet
• Decreased residue
• No nuts or seeds. They get stuck in diverticula

• No alcohol

• No spicy food
• No Caffeine
• No Alcohol
• Avoid smoking

• Small frequent meals
• High protein, low carbohydrates

• TPN

• Decreased Fat
• Decreased Residue
• Increased Protein

• 15/15 rule
• Give 15 grams of simple carbohydrates and check blood sugar in 15 minutes