Diverticulitis

Adult Nursing NCLEX Review The GI system Diverticulitis

What is it?

Diverticulitis is a condition characterized by the inflammation or infection of small pouches called diverticula that can form along the walls of the colon (large intestine). These pouches typically develop in weakened areas of the colon, particularly where blood vessels pass through the muscular walls. When these pouches become inflamed or infected, it leads to diverticulitis.

Risk Factors

Aging: Diverticulitis is more common in older adults.
Low-fiber diet: Lack of dietary fiber can contribute to the development of diverticula.
Genetics: Family history may increase the risk.
Obesity: Being overweight can be a risk factor.
Lack of physical activity.

Symptoms

Abdominal pain, usually in the lower left side.
Fever and chills.
Changes in bowel habits, such as diarrhea or constipation.
Nausea and vomiting.
Abdominal tenderness, especially when touched.

Diagnostics

Imaging studies: Computed tomography (CT) scans are commonly used to visualize the inflamed diverticula and assess the severity of diverticulitis.
Blood tests: White blood cell count may be elevated in response to infection.

Treatment

Antibiotics: Prescribed to treat the infection.
Clear liquid diet: Initially, to allow the colon to rest.
High-fiber diet: Gradually introduced to prevent future episodes.
Pain management: Analgesics may be used to alleviate discomfort.
Surgery: In severe cases or for recurrent diverticulitis, surgical removal of affected portions of the colon may be necessary.

Complications

Abscess formation: Pockets of infection can develop in the inflamed diverticula.
Perforation: In severe cases, the inflamed pouches may rupture, leading to peritonitis (inflammation of the abdominal cavity).
Fistula formation: Abnormal connections between the colon and other organs may occur.

Prevention

High-fiber diet: Consuming a diet rich in fiber can help prevent the development of diverticula.
Avoiding certain foods: Nuts, seeds, and popcorn may be restricted during acute episodes.
Adequate hydration: Drinking enough water is important for maintaining bowel regularity.
Regular exercise: Physical activity promotes overall colon health.

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