Epiglottitis is a emergency medical condition in which the epiglottis, a flap of tissue that prevents food and liquid from entering the windpipe during swallowing, becomes inflamed and swollen. This can result in a blocked airway, making it difficult to breathe. Most commonly caused by a bacterial infection, but can also result from a viral infection or injury to the throat. Organisms: Haemophilus Influenzae typbe B and Streptococcus pneumoniae.
Tripod position to keep airway open
HIgh fever & difficulty swallowing
Severe: Cyanosis, hypoxia & death
Symptoms
High fever
Sore throat
Cherry red epiglottis
Difficulty swallowing
Painful swallowing
Absent of cough
Drooling
Muffled voice
Rapid breathing
Stridor (a harsh, raspy sound when breathing)
Cyanosis if airway is obstructed
AnxietyÂ
Restlessness
Tripod position with chin thrusted forward and mouth open to keep airway open
Severe: hypoxia, hypercapnia, tachycardia, ↓ LOC
Sudden death
Very sick child. Medical Emergency
Treatment
Maintain airway
Assess respiratory status
Monitor temperature. DO NOT DO ORAL TEMPERATURE
No throat culture. Avoid inspecting epiglottis
NPO with IV fluids
IV antibiotics followed by oral once swelling is reduced
Corticosteroids may be used
Acetaminophen for fever
Have tracheostomy/intubation tray at the bedside
Maintain calm/quiet environment
Make sure children have Haemophilius influenzae type B (Hib) vaccine to prevent epiglottitis