Flashcards and Fast Questions

• Troponin (most specific)
• CK-MB
• Myoglobin

• Hoarseness is a classic sign

• Pink foamy sputum

Administer Oxygen

• Indigestion, often described as heart burn is associated with impending MI

Apical pulse: left fifth intercostal space, midclavicular line.

Chest pain that increases with respirations is due to a pulmonary problem. For a client with chest pain, ask “does pain increase with breathing?” to find out if the client is having a heart attack or a pulmonary problem.

Is due to heart failure/Fluid overload

Hypertension always shows up.

ECG- fast to do

• Think body edema
• Extremities swollen
• Hepatomegaly
• Enlarged spleen
• Body edema!

Most of the blood flow to the coronary arteries is supplied during diastole.

• Check potassium

Nausea, drowsiness, photophobia, diarrhea, headache, anxiety and seeing halos around bright objects.

Sedation, pain relief, decreases anxiety, decreases myocardial oxygen demand. 

Arrhythmias

Measure at 30 degrees. HOB 30 degrees.

• Hypotension
• Narrowed pulse pressure
• Distended neck veins
• Muffled heart tones

Right sided heart failure at risk for developing renal failure: watch for oliguria, elevated potassium, weight gain (fluid retention) & elevated BUN and creatinine.

PR interval is > 0.20. Everything else is normal. 

• Pulsating abdominal mass middle lower abdomen to the left of the midline
• abdominal pain
• if ruptures: sudden, severe back pain, hypotension, decreased RBCs, and increased WBCs
• If ruptures the priority is to prepare for surgery
• Definitive test to diagnose an abdominal aortic aneurysm: aortogram
• HYPERTENSION is the main risk factor
• If you auscultate a bruit, it reflects partial arterial occlusion

Assess for bleeding

• Should be greater than 60
• Indicates whether there is enough perfusion to organs
• =(SBP + 2*DBP)/ 3

• Oxygen
• Anticoagulation
• Amiodarone
• Calcium channel blockers (Cardizem)
• Cardiovert only after presence of clots in the atria is ruled out and medications not working
• Ablation of the AV node only after medications not working

• Prevent lead dislodgement by: limiting the client’s right arm activity and preventing the client from reaching above shoulder level.