Hepatitis A
Fecal-oral route. Contaminated food.
Hepatitis B
Childbirth, sex, IV drugs, & dialysis
Hepatitis C
IV drug users. Blood Transfusions.
Hepatitis
Hepatitis A
Contact Precautions. Vaccinate
Hepatitis B
Standard Precautions. Vaccinate
Hepatitis C
Standard Precautions. No vaccine
- Fecal-oral route
- Contaminated food
- CONTACT ISOLATION!
- Supportive care
- Vaccinate
- Symptoms: Nausea, Vomiting, abdominal pain, dark urine, clay colored stool, flu-like symptoms, & jaundice
- Body fluids, childbirth, sex, IV drugs, dialysis
- Signs and symptoms nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, dark urine, clay colored stool, jaundice, flu-like symptoms.
- HBsAG + = active infection
- Anti-HBs+ = immune/recovery
- Tx: Supportive care
- Vaccinate
- STANDARD PRECAUTIONSÂ
- Common in IV drug users. Found in bodily fluids.
- Characteristics same as Hep B
- Treatment: Antivirals and interferon
- STANDARD PRECAUTIONS
- NO VACCINE
- Rest
- ⇑ Carbs and calories
- ⇓ protein and fat
- Hand hygiene
- Do not share personal products
- Avoid sex until antibodies are negative
- Avoid toxic substances
- No alcohol, no tylenol, no aspirin, no sedatives
- Clients with hepatitis have an aversion to cigarettes
- If a nurse has a needle stick contaminated with hepatitis B blood, the nurse should receive hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) and the vaccine series of hepatitis B if not immunized. Incubation period is 1 to 6 months so testing for antigen is useless after a stick.
- A child born from a hepatitis B mother should get Hepatitis B vaccine and HBIG within 12 hours of birth.
- Remember that children < 1 year get vaccinated in vastus lateralis
- Pre-icteric stage: before skin turns jaundice
- Icteric stage: when the skin turns jaundice
- Skin symptoms of hepatitis: pruritis and jaundice
- In the later stages of hepatitis, the urine turns darkÂ
- These lab values will be levated: AST, ALT, bilirubin, & ammonia
NCLEX Alert
The Hepatitis