Muscles/Bones
- Bone pain
- Joint pain
- Bone fractures
- Muscle weakness
Hyperparathyroidism
Hyperparathyroidism = Hypercalcemia
- Primary: Tumor or hyperplasia of parathyroid
- Secondary: Chronic kidney failure
Stones, Bones, Abdominal Moans and Psychic Moans
Genitourinary
- Kidney Stones
- Polyuria
- Polydipsia
Digestive
- Nausea & vomiting
- Anorexia & weight loss
- Abdominal Pain
- Constipation
Brain
- Fatigue & Lethargy
- Confusion & Depression
- ↓ Deep Tendon Reflexes
More about signs and symptoms
Low and slow
- Profound muscle weakness (slow and low)
- ↓ DTRs (low and slow)
- Lethargy and coma (slow brain)
- Hypoactive bowel sounds and constipation
- Monitor respiratory status (weak breathing muscles).
- Remember that in cancer hypercalcemia is an oncological emergency (bone metastasis).
- Serious signs in hypercalcium due to metastatic cancer: ↓ DTRs, paralytic ileus, dehydration from polyuria, EKG changes, severe muscle weakness, and renal impairment.Â
Parathyroidectomy- removal of one or more glands or remove tumor for primary hyperparathyroidectomy
Loop diuretics decrease calcium (Furosemide)
Drugs that INCREASE calcium
Lithium, Thiazide Diuretics, Vitamin D, and Vitamin A
