Complications of Diabetes
Diabetes Ketoacidosis
- Occurs in Type I diabetes
- Maybe occur due to infection, not enough insulin, stress, surgery, or trauma.
- Symptoms:
- Hyperglycemia
- Polydypsia
- Polyuria
- Increased Temperature due to dehydration
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Drowsiness
- Acetone breath
- Dehydration
- Urine Ketones and glycosuria
- Kussmal’s respirations
- decreased Level of consciouness
- Labs:
- Increased glucose level
- Increased serum osmolarity from dehydration
- Acidosis (Serum pH< 7.4).
Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemia State (HHS)
- Occurs mainly in Type 2 diabetes
- Due to the presence of low levels of insuln, the breakdown to fat does not occur and ketone bodies (or acidosis) does not develop.
- Severe osmotic diuresis due to hyperglycemic state
- Blood sugars can be > 600 mg/dL
- Symptoms:
- Warm, flushed skin
- Weakness
- Tachycardia
- Increased temperature due to dehydration
- No acetone breath
- No acidosis, pH normal
- No glycosuria (glucose in urine)
Hypoglycemia
- Occurs from too much insulin or too much antidiabetic medications
- Can be precipitated by increased exercise in Type 1 diabetes
- Symptoms:
- Confusion
- Anxiety
- Irritability
- Tachycardia
- Sweating
- Seizures
- Coma
