Thrombocytopenia

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Thrombocytopenia

Patho

• Platelets form a plug to stop bleeding when injury occurs.
• ⇓ Platelets that may lead to bleeding
• < 150,000 / μL
• Normal 150,000 – 450,000/ μL

Signs and Symptoms

• Petechiae
• Purpura
• Ecchymosis
• Bleeding gums 
• Nose bleeds
• Blood in stool or urine
• < 20,00 bleeding from mucous membranes, urine, rectal, oral nasal, and intracranial bleeding. 
• 15 to 30,000 results in spontaneous bleeding
• 30 to 50,000 susceptible to minor bruising
• Know this!!!!!

Causes

• P Platelets Disorder
• L Leukemia
• A Anemia
• T Trauma
• E Enlarged spleen
• L Liver Disease
• E Ethanol (alcohol)
• T Toxins (drugs)
• S Sepsis

Diagnosis

• ⇓ Platelets that may lead to bleeding
• < 150,000 / μL
• Normal 150,000 – 450,000/ μL
• ⇑ bleeding time
• Anemia due to bleeding
• ⇑ Coagulation studies (PT/INR/PTT
• Bone marrow biopsy

Treatment

• Transfusion
• Bone marrow transplant
• Removal of spleen (splenectomy)

Bleeding Precautions

• Electric razor
• No meds such as aspirin
• Protect from injury
• Soft-bristle tooth brush
• Minimize invasive procedures if possible (needle sticks, spinal taps, etc)