DIC

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• Clotting and anti-clotting mechanisms occur at the same time
• small clots are using the clotting factors and other areas do not have any and bleeding occurs.
• Internal and external bleeding
• Microclots can lead to organ ischemia
• Life-threatening

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Causes

• Sepsis
• Sepsis
• DIC due to sepsis is an emergency
• Hemorrhage
• Blood transfusions
• Pregnancy complications
• Tauma
• Shock
• Toxins
• allergic reactions and malignancy

Signs and symptoms

• Bleeding and clotting
• Bleeding
  • petechiae, hematuria, melena, nose bleeds
• Clotting: stroke, MI, DVT, PE
• shortness of breath
• Tachycardia
• Organ damage: kidneys, bowel
• A very sick client

Management

• Monitor labs: ⇓ platelets and ⇓ fibrinogen, ⇑ PT/PTT, D-Dimer
• D-Dimer tells us that a clot is present somewhere in the body.
• Treat cause
• Transfusion: RBCs, Fresh frozen plasma, platelets
• Cryoprecipitate: replaces fibrinogen and factors V and VII
• Vasopressors to increase organ perfusion
• Heparin to stop clotting
• Best management is prevention.