Diabetes Mellitus Type 1

Diabetes Mellitus Type 1

This is just a simple version of our Diabetes Mellitus Type 1

Patho

  • Beta cells of the pancreas DO NOT make insulin.
  • There is no insulin to bring glucose into cells.
  • Cells use alternative energy: fat and protein 

Causes

  • Autoimmune
  • Genetic
  • Unknown
  • Diagnosed in childhood or teen years
  • Abrupt onset

Treatment

  • Insulin and only insulin
  • Oral medications will not work. Only life-long insulin
  • Remember that the pancreas does not produce insulin.  Insulin must be injected

Signs and Symptoms

Polyphagia

Very hungry

Polydipsia

Very Thirsty

Polyuria

Making lots of urine

Other symptoms

Weight loss and fatigue

Nursing Interventions

Hypoglycemia

Monitor for hypoglycemia and administer 15 grams of fast acting carbohydrates such as orange juice, skim milk, or glucose gel.

Educate

About symptoms of Diabetic Ketoacidosis such as deep, rapid respirations (Kussmaul's breathing), polyuria, polydipsia and signs of dehydratioin.

Exercise

Encourage exercise with an increase of carbohydrate intake before exercising to prevent hypoglycemia.

Self-Management

Empower clients by teaching them how to manage their care/insulin administration

Nursing Interventions

Diabetic Ketoacidosis Treatment

IV insulin, hydration, and electrolyte monitoring and replacement.

Types of Insulin

Don't forget to review our "Types of Insulin" lesson and learn the onset and peak of each type of insulin.

Long-Term Complications

Nephropathy, retinopathy, neuropathy, stroke, cardiovascular disease, foot complications, and sexual dysfunction.

New Technology

Insulin pumps can provide a more constant infusion of insulin, leading to better glucose control.

Other sections about diabetes in our Adult NCLEX Review Module: Diabetes Complications, Hypoglycemia versus Hyperglycemia, Foot Care, Types of Insulin, DKA versus HHNS, and Diabetes Diagnosis.